Facial Contouring

Facial Contouring Surgery — How to Choose Among the Four Surgeries

Facial contouring surgery changes the contour of the face by reducing or repositioning the facial bones. At Face Plus Plastic Surgery, we hold consultations by dividing it into four types.

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Model photo for the Face Plus Plastic Surgery contour page

Table of contents for this page

Which surgery fits which concern?
How do the four surgeries differ?
A chin implant is a different surgery from chin bone surgery
What applies to all four surgeries?
What are the side effects of facial contouring surgery?
Are there cases in which facial contouring surgery should not be done or should be postponed?
When is revision facial contouring considered?
How do I get a consultation for facial contouring surgery?
Frequently Asked Questions
References

Square jaw surgery information — surgery that cuts away the angular, outward-flaring bone at the corner of the lower jaw to reduce the width of the lower face
V-Line Surgery information — surgery that combines square jaw surgery and chin surgery to smooth the jawline from the corner of the jaw to the chin
Cheekbone reduction surgery information — surgery that cuts a protruding cheekbone and moves it inward to reduce a face that looks wide
Chin surgery information — surgery that corrects a receded, long, or wide chin by repositioning the bone or inserting an implant

This page does not just introduce the four surgeries. It also describes which concerns suit which surgery, the side effects they share, and the cases in which surgery should not be done.

Because this is surgery on the bone, you may have many worries. You may read about Side Effects and Symptoms to have checked promptly first.

Which surgery fits which concern?

If the place where the face looks wide is the cheekbone, we consider cheekbone reduction surgery; if it is the corner of the lower jaw, square jaw surgery; if it is the very front of the jaw, chin surgery; and if it runs from the corner to the chin, V-Line Surgery.

If this is your concern	Surgery to consider first	Detailed explanation
From the front, the sides of the face are widest at the cheekbones	Cheekbone Reduction	Cheekbone reduction information
From the side, the front of the cheekbone under the eye stands out	Cheekbone Reduction	Cheekbone reduction information
From the front, the corners of the jaw below the ears flare outward and the face looks square	Square Jaw Surgery	Square jaw surgery information
From the side, the corner of the jaw below the ear looks sharply angled	Square Jaw Surgery	Square jaw surgery information
The chin is set back (receding chin), long, wide and angular, or crooked to one side	Chin Surgery	Chin surgery information
The whole lower jaw, from the corner below the ear to the chin, looks wide or angular	V-Line Surgery	V-Line Surgery information
After surgery on the jaw corner only, the area where it joins the jawline toward the front looks stepped	V-Line Surgery	V-Line Surgery information

Many people are consulted about two surgeries together

The width of the face is created by the cheekbones and the jawline together. That is why the cheekbones and square jaw, or the square jaw and chin, are often discussed together at a consultation.

If both the corner of the jaw and the chin are wide, see the V-Line Surgery information, in which the two surgeries are planned as one. Doing them together increases the extent of the surgery, the operating time, and the recovery period.

The first of our treatment principles is "We never recommend excessive surgery." If one area is enough, we will tell you so.

How do the four surgeries differ?

The four surgeries differ in the bones they work on, the incision sites, and the nerves that need care. That is why the surgery chosen depends on your concern.

Mechanism

The width of the lower face is determined by the prominence of the mandibular angle (the corner of the lower jawbone) and the width of the lateral mandibular body (the side of the jaw), and the width of the middle of the face is determined by the zygoma (the body of the cheekbone) and the zygomatic arch (the arch-shaped bone that runs from the zygoma to the front of the ear). The end of the side profile is determined by the chin bone. In square jaw surgery, the mandibular angle is resected in a curve and, if needed, the lateral cortex (the outer bone plate on the side of the jaw) is thinned^[1]^[2]. In cheekbone reduction surgery, the zygomatic body is cut (osteotomy: cutting the bone) and moved inward and backward, and the back end of the zygomatic arch is cut, pushed inward, and fixed^[3]. In chin surgery, the chin bone is cut horizontally and moved forward or backward and up or down, or a middle segment is removed to reduce the width; there is also a method of adding an implant without cutting the bone^[4]. V-Line Surgery joins square jaw surgery and chin bone osteotomy within a single plan and smooths the border between them.

In plain terms — The bone that creates the width of the face differs from place to place. For the cheekbone, the body and the arch are cut and moved inward; for the corner of the lower jaw, the bone is cut away in a curve; and for the chin, the bone is cut and repositioned or an implant is added. V-Line Surgery plans the corner of the lower jaw and the chin together in one operation and performs them together.

The four surgeries compared at a glance

Surgery	Bone treated	Usual method	Usual incision	Nerves given particular care	Anesthesia, duration, and hospital stay at our clinic
Square Jaw Surgery	Corner (mandibular angle) and side surface of the lower jawbone (mandible)	The protruding corner is cut away and, if necessary, the outer bone plate is peeled off thinly or shaved	Inside the mouth (gum outside the lower molars)	Inferior alveolar nerve (sensation of the lower lip and chin), marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (movement of the corner of the mouth)	General anesthesia · 1 hour to 1 hour 30 minutes · one-day hospital stay
V-Line Surgery	The corner and side of the lower jawbone (mandibular body) and its front end (chin bone)	The square jaw surgery method and the chin bone cutting method are used together to join the border smoothly	Inside the mouth (the gum outside the lower molars and the gum inside the lower lip)	Inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve (the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve), marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve	General anesthesia · roughly 2 to 3 hours · 1-day hospital stay
Cheekbone Reduction	Cheekbone body (zygoma) and zygomatic arch	The cheekbone body and zygomatic arch are cut, moved inward, and fixed	Inside the mouth (inside the upper gum) and inside the hairline in front of the ear	Infraorbital nerve (sensation of the cheek, upper lip, and side of the nose), temporal branch of the facial nerve (forehead movement)	General anesthesia · 1 hour to 1 hour 30 minutes · a hospital stay of about one day may be needed depending on the surgery
Chin Surgery	Front end of the lower jawbone (chin bone)	The chin bone is cut and moved forward/backward or up/down, or its width is reduced, and fixed; or an implant (the two surgeries are different)	Inside the mouth (gum inside the lower lip)	Mental nerve (sensation of the lower lip and chin; the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve)	Surgery that cuts the chin bone: general anesthesia · 1 hour to 1 hour 30 minutes · a hospital stay of about one day may be needed depending on the surgery / Implant placement: sedation or local anesthesia · about 1 hour

V-Line Surgery is the name for square jaw surgery and chin surgery performed together; it is not a separate third surgery distinct from the two.

A chin implant is a different surgery from chin bone surgery

Chin implant placement and surgery that cuts the chin bone (osteotomy) have similar names but are different surgeries, and they differ starting with the anesthesia.

Item	Surgery that cuts the chin bone (osteotomy)	Chin implant placement
Anesthesia	General anesthesia	Sedation or local anesthesia
Surgery time	1 hour to 1 hour 30 minutes	About 1 hour
Hospital stay	A hospital stay of about one day may be needed depending on the surgery
Incision	Only through the inside of the mouth (inside the lower lip)	Only through the inside of the mouth (inside the lower lip)
Stitches	Dissolving sutures; stitches removed from inside the mouth after 2 weeks	Dissolving sutures; stitches removed from inside the mouth after 2 weeks
Daily life	Usually possible to some extent 1 to 2 weeks after surgery	Usually possible to some extent 1 to 2 weeks after surgery
What can be changed	Forward/backward position, length (lengthening/shortening), width, left-right crookedness	Mainly bringing the chin forward

The chin surgery included in V-Line Surgery is surgery that cuts the chin bone, so it is performed under general anesthesia. The criteria for choosing between the two surgeries are explained in the Chin surgery information.

What applies to all four surgeries?

All four surgeries on the facial bones are done under general anesthesia, the incisions are made inside the mouth, and you can usually return to daily life to some extent 1 to 2 weeks after surgery.

Anesthesia

Surgery on the facial bones is done under general anesthesia. The anesthesia is administered by an anesthesiology and pain medicine specialist

Tests before surgery

Tests for general anesthesia are done

Fasting before surgery

8 hours (not even water)

Incision

Done through the inside of the mouth. Cheekbone reduction surgery also uses an incision inside the hairline in front of the ear

Surgery time

1 hour to 1 hour 30 minutes each for square jaw surgery, cheekbone reduction, and surgery that cuts the chin bone; roughly 2 to 3 hours for V-Line Surgery

Hospital stay

When square jaw surgery is included (square jaw, V-Line), you stay in the hospital for a day. For cheekbone reduction surgery or chin surgery alone, a hospital stay of about one day may be needed depending on the surgery

Daily life

Usually possible to some extent 1 to 2 weeks after surgery

Visits after surgery

2 to 3 times over about 2 weeks

Quitting smoking before surgery

Recommended from 3–4 weeks before surgery (literature recommendation)

Timing of revision surgery

Depends on the cause. For revision surgery for cosmetic purposes, we mostly recommend waiting until 6 months or more after surgery

How is anesthesia done?

All four surgeries on the facial bones are done under general anesthesia. An anesthesiology and pain medicine specialist administers the general anesthesia, and when you wake up, the surgery is already over.

Tests for general anesthesia are done before surgery. You fast for 8 hours before surgery. You may not drink even water.

General anesthesia also carries risks. They are described under Side Effects.

How long does recovery take?

You can usually return to daily life to some extent 1 to 2 weeks after surgery. Swelling lasts longer than that: most of the major swelling goes down during the first month, and the remaining swelling goes down slowly over several months while the contour settles.

In a study that measured facial volume in 46 patients who had upper jaw, lower jaw, and chin surgery together, swelling had gone down by an average of 60% at 1 month, 84% at 6 months, and about 93% at 12 months^[5]. It is not a study that looked at each of the four surgeries separately.

After surgery, you will come to the clinic 2 to 3 times over about 2 weeks. Once the day for stitch removal is set, please keep that day if at all possible; the other dates can be adjusted.

When are the stitches removed?

Chin surgery and V-Line Surgery use dissolving sutures, and the stitches inside the mouth are removed after 2 weeks.

During the recovery period, Dr. Park and the nursing team check your swelling, pain, and condition together. The third of our treatment principles is "We see patients more often after surgery."

What are the side effects of facial contouring surgery?

This is surgery in which bone is cut and repositioned. Besides swelling and bruising, bleeding, decreased sensation, left-right asymmetry, unintended fracture, sagging, and infection can occur, and rarely the airway can narrow or there are risks related to general anesthesia.

Please make your decision only after fully understanding the items below. What each surgery requires particular care with differs, so the details are written separately on each surgery's page.

What is common to all four surgeries

Side Effects

Bleeding and hematoma (a collection of pooled blood): Large blood vessels pass close to where the bone is cut. If a blood vessel is injured, heavy bleeding can occur, and rarely a blood transfusion or additional surgery to stop the bleeding is needed.
Airway compression: If blood collects or severe swelling develops inside the jaw and neck, it can press on the airway. If bleeding occurs in the space under the tongue behind the chin bone, the tongue can be lifted up and the airway can narrow, so immediate treatment is needed^[10].
Decreased sensation: In lower jaw surgery, the inferior alveolar nerve and mental nerve (sensation of the lower lip and chin), and in cheekbone surgery, the infraorbital nerve (sensation of the cheek, upper lip, and side of the nose), can be pulled or injured, making that area numb. In most cases sensation returns over several months, but in some cases it remains for a long time^[11].
Facial nerve injury: In lower jaw surgery, the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (movement of the corner of the mouth), and in cheekbone surgery, the temporal branch of the facial nerve (movement of the forehead), can be pulled, weakening that movement.
Unintended fracture: When the bone is cut, it can split in a direction different from the plan, or a crack can extend to the bone at the jaw joint (the condyle). Surgery to fix it in place may be needed.
Nonunion and fixation problems: The cut and repositioned bone may fail to heal together, or the fixation may loosen. We watch for this particularly in cheekbone reduction surgery and chin osteotomy.
Asymmetry and contour irregularity: The left and right sides may differ, a new angle (secondary angle) may form below the cut site, or a step may be felt where the osteotomy lines meet.
Sagging: As the bone support is reduced, the muscles and soft tissue detached from the bone can settle downward, and the cheeks or the area below the jawline can look loose. It becomes more noticeable when skin elasticity has declined^[8]^[9].
Difficulty opening the mouth: Because of swelling and the effect on the chewing muscles, it may be hard to open your mouth wide for a while.
Infection: The incision site inside the mouth can become swollen, with fever and pus. If infection develops around the metal plate used for fixation, the plate may need to be removed.
Implant-related problems (chin implant placement): Infection, implant movement or showing through, and bone resorption beneath the implant can occur.
Risks related to general anesthesia: With general anesthesia, a sore throat and nausea after surgery are common, and rarely breathing- or heart-related complications or drug allergies can occur. After a long operation in which you lie still for a long time, a blood clot can rarely form in a leg vein and block the blood vessels of the lungs (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism).

In plain terms — Bleeding that does not stop, difficulty breathing because the neck or the area under the tongue is swollen, and infection are problems that need treatment right away. A numb feeling in the lower lip or cheek is a common change and usually returns over time, but it can last for a long time. A left-right difference, a newly formed angle or step, and sagging become apparent as time passes, and in some cases they are monitored or corrected with another surgery.

What we watch for in particular with each surgery

Surgery	Side effects we watch for in particular	Detailed explanation
Square Jaw Surgery	Decreased sensation in the lower lip and chin, fracture below the condyle, heavy bleeding, secondary angle, jawline sagging	Square jaw surgery side effects
V-Line Surgery	The risks of both surgeries apply together. Bleeding under the tongue, chin sagging, tooth injury, nonunion	V-Line Surgery side effects
Cheekbone Reduction	Decreased sensation in the cheek and upper lip, nonunion of the cut and repositioned bone, cheek sagging, injury to the nerve that moves the forehead, and very rarely bleeding inside the head	Cheekbone reduction surgery side effects
Chin Surgery	Decreased sensation in the lower lip and chin, nonunion, chin sagging, implant infection or movement	Chin surgery side effects

Frequencies reported in the literature

Do not wait in these cases

The changes below are ones you should report to us without waiting until your next visit. If you have difficulty breathing, call 119 right away.

Symptoms that call for an immediate call to 119 or a trip to the emergency room

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, or sudden swelling of the neck, under the tongue, or under the chin
When the tongue is lifted up or the neck swells so much that it is difficult to swallow saliva
When bleeding in your mouth continues and does not stop
Chest pain or sudden shortness of breath
Severe headache, vomiting, clouded consciousness, or weakness in an arm or leg on one side

Symptoms to have checked promptly

When one side of the face, jaw, or neck suddenly swells, becomes tight, and the pain keeps getting worse
When you have a fever, pus or a bad taste comes from the wound in your mouth, or the wound opens
When the movement of the corner of the mouth or the forehead differs between left and right
When the bone feels as if it is moving, sudden severe pain occurs when chewing, or the way the teeth meet feels different
When it becomes harder and harder to open your mouth
When one calf becomes swollen and painful

Changes you must tell us about at your next visit

When numbness in the lower lip and chin or in the cheek and upper lip stays the same even after several months, or you develop a tingling pain
When a left-right difference, or a newly formed angle or step, does not lessen over time
When the cheeks, the area below the jawline, or the area under the chin feels as if it is sagging

Outside clinic hours, if you have difficulty breathing or bleeding that does not stop, go to the nearest emergency room or call 119.

Are there cases in which facial contouring surgery should not be done or should be postponed?

Yes. Typical examples are an age at which the facial bones are still growing, difficulty quitting smoking, and taking blood-thinning medication. Criteria based on your health condition are confirmed at your consultation.

Contraindications

When facial bone growth is not complete: The shape of the bone can change even after surgery, so a decision is made after growth has finished.
Smoking: It reduces blood flow and slows wound healing and bone union^[13]. We recommend quitting smoking from 3 to 4 weeks before surgery.
When you have a tendency to bleed or are taking an anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication (blood-thinning medication): Coordination with the doctor who prescribed the medication is needed.
When you have periodontitis (gum inflammation) or untreated cavities around the lower front teeth or molars: These are treated first.
When you have heart or lung disease that makes general anesthesia risky, an uncontrolled underlying condition, or a condition in which the airway narrows easily, such as sleep apnea
When the main reason the face looks wide is muscle, sagging is already pronounced, or a malocclusion is also present: Bone surgery may not produce the change you expect, so other methods are considered first.
When you are so preoccupied with small differences that daily life is difficult: We recommend counseling and evaluation before surgery.

In plain terms — Surgery is done after the bones have finished growing. Cigarettes interfere with the healing of wounds and bone. Please do not stop blood-thinning medication on your own; tell us about it at your consultation. If there is a problem with your gums or teeth, it is treated first. If you snore heavily or have been told that you stop breathing in your sleep, please be sure to tell us.

Please tell us about all the medications you take and any conditions you have at your consultation.

When is revision facial contouring considered?

For cosmetic purposes, revision surgery is mostly recommended 6 months or more after the operation, but depending on the cause, it is sometimes performed right away.

In cases like the following, it is better to operate right away without waiting.

When the cut and repositioned bone was fixed but the fixation is not holding well
When the bone has not united and is moving
When there is a wide gap between the bones
When there is inflammation or infection

Cosmetic revision surgery to refine the shape is mostly recommended 6 months or more after the operation. Before then, swelling remains and the bone and surrounding tissue are still settling into place, so what you see now is not the final shape.

The criteria for judging each surgery are written in the Square jaw surgery information, the V-Line Surgery information, the Cheekbone reduction surgery information, and the Chin surgery information.

A Word from the Doctor
"Simply reducing the bone is not what matters. How much is appropriately left is also very important."

How do I get a consultation for facial contouring surgery?

You can call our main number, 02-541-8500, or apply through Consultation & Booking information.

Face Plus Plastic Surgery reception desk

The clinic is located on the 4th floor of Vorati Al Building, 480 Gangnam-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul. It is a 1-minute walk from Exit 3 of Sinnonhyeon Station.

At your consultation, please tell us about any previous jaw Botox, fillers, implants, or contouring surgery, whether you have had orthodontic treatment, the medications you take, whether you smoke, and whether you snore or have sleep apnea. If you have a facial CT scan taken previously, you are welcome to bring it.

Dr. Park's training and academic activities are described in About the Doctor.

Frequently Asked Questions

What kinds of surgery are there in facial contouring?

At Face Plus Plastic Surgery, we hold consultations by dividing facial contouring into four: square jaw surgery, V-Line Surgery, cheekbone reduction surgery, and chin surgery. V-Line Surgery is the name for square jaw surgery and chin surgery performed together; it is not a separate third operation.

What are the anesthesia, operating time, and hospital stay for the four surgeries?

Surgery on the facial bones is done under general anesthesia, and an anesthesiology and pain medicine specialist administers the anesthesia. Tests for general anesthesia are done before surgery, and you fast for 8 hours before surgery, without even water. The operating time is 1 hour to 1 hour 30 minutes each for square jaw surgery, cheekbone reduction, and surgery that cuts the chin bone, and roughly 2 to 3 hours for V-Line Surgery. When square jaw surgery is included, you stay in the hospital for a day; for cheekbone reduction or chin surgery alone, a hospital stay of about one day may be needed depending on the surgery.

Is general anesthesia also used for chin implant placement?

No. Chin implant placement is done under sedation or local anesthesia, and the operating time is about 1 hour. It is a different surgery from the one that cuts the chin bone. Both surgeries are performed only through an incision inside the mouth (inside the lower lip), dissolving sutures are used, and the stitches are removed after 2 weeks.

When can I return to daily life after facial contouring surgery?

Usually you can return to daily life to some extent 1 to 2 weeks after surgery. Swelling lasts longer than that: most of the major swelling goes down during the first month, and the remaining swelling goes down slowly over several months.

How can I tell whether a wide face is due to bone or muscle?

If the corner of the jaw rises firmly when you clench your back teeth, the chewing muscles may be large. Whether the bone or the muscle is larger is determined by examination and CT. If muscle is the main cause, cutting the bone may not reduce the width as much as expected, so injections to reduce the muscle are often recommended first.

References

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Jin H, Kim BG. Mandibular angle reduction versus mandible reduction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114(5):1263-9. PMID 15457047. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000135904.40986.f8
Yang DB, Chung JY. Infracture technique for reduction malarplasty with a short preauricular incision. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;113(4):1253-61; discussion 1262-3. PMID 15083030. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000110217.60491.56
Kauke-Navarro M, Knoedler L, Allam O, Heiland M, Knoedler S, Klimitz FJ, Alperovich M, Safi AF. Implant-Based Chin Augmentation Vs Osseous Genioplasty: A Systematic Review of Indications and Outcomes. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum. 2025;7:ojaf048. PMID 40666078. doi:10.1093/asjof/ojaf048
Reategui A, Phillips S, Dinis J, Junn A, Parsaei Y, Yang J, Lopez J, Steinbacher DM. Postoperative Edema Resolution Post-Orthognathic Triple Jaw Surgery: A Three-Dimensional Volumetric Analysis. J Craniofac Surg. 2022;33(2):512-516. PMID 34619733. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000008270
Kim NH, Chung JH, Park RH, Park JB. The use of botulinum toxin type A in aesthetic mandibular contouring. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115(3):919-30. PMID 15731696. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000153236.79775.a0
Machado GF, De Freitas LR, Ribeiro LFS, Andrade GRO, Silva VP, da Silva TVD, Lima VHS, Rezende PV, Almeida TA, Torres FC, Kreutz-Rodrigues L. Efficacy of botulinum toxin for masseter muscle hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2026;119:212-225. PMID 42379083. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2026.06.012
Chen H, Sun J, Wang J. Reducing Prominent Mandibular Angle Osteotomy Complications: 10-Year Retrospective Review. Ann Plast Surg. 2018;81(6S Suppl 1):S5-S9. PMID 29481477. doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000001372
Park YY, Kim KK, Park B. A Comprehensive Assessment of Soft-tissue Sagging after Zygoma Reduction Surgery through Artificial Intelligence Analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2024;12(8):e6055. PMID 39139838. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000006055
Choi BK, Lee SS, Yun IS, Yang EJ. Vascular Anatomy for the Prevention of Sublingual Hematomas: Life-Threatening Complication of Genioplasty. J Craniofac Surg. 2023;34(4):1308-1311. PMID 36730838. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000009104
Kim YH, Cho BC, Lo LJ. Facial contouring surgery for asians. Semin Plast Surg. 2009;23(1):22-31. PMID 20567722. PMCID PMC2884897. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1110098
Yoon ES, Seo YS, Kang DH, Koo SH, Park SH. Analysis of incidences and types of complications in mandibular angle ostectomy in Koreans. Ann Plast Surg. 2006;57(5):541-4. PMID 17060736. doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000229024.61470.ef
Xu B, Anderson DB, Park ES, Chen L, Lee JH. The influence of smoking and alcohol on bone healing: Systematic review and meta-analysis of non-pathological fractures. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;42:101179. PMID 34765953. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101179

Dr. Park Jung Keun · Plastic Surgery Specialist, PhD in Medicine

He personally consults on and performs facial aging treatments such as facelift, droopy eyelid surgery, and thread lift. The doctor personally sees you from consultation through recovery.

2004 Plastic Surgery Specialist2013 PhD in Medicine, Seoul National UniversityVice President, Korean Association of Plastic Surgeons

About the Doctor

Treatment by Dr. Park Jung Keun

Other pages in this menu

V-Line Surgery Cheekbone Reduction Square Jaw Chin

The content of this page is general medical information provided in accordance with the Medical Service Act, and the effects and recovery time of surgeries and procedures may vary by individual. All surgeries and procedures can cause side effects, so please make your decision only after a thorough consultation with a plastic surgery specialist.